With only 5 per cent of the world’s population, Eastern and Southern Africa is home to half the world’s population living with HIV. A diverse region with some of the world's poorest countries as well as richer countries where progress meets striking inequalities. Challenges include the impact of conflict and natural disasters.Today the region continues to be the epicentre of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

The Southern Africa sub-region, in particular, experiences the most severe HIV epidemics in the world. Nine countries - Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe.